IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF KINESIO-TAPING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND BALANCE IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS WITH ANKLE INSTABILITY – AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background:
Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is a common consequence of recurrent ankle sprains in football players and is associated with impaired proprioception, reduced neuromuscular control, and deficits in static and dynamic balance. These impairments negatively affect athletic performance and increase the risk of recurrent injuries. Kinesio-Taping (KT) has been proposed as a supportive intervention to improve proprioceptive input and postural control without restricting movement. However, evidence regarding its immediate effects in football players with FAI under sport-specific fatigue conditions remains limited.
Aim:
To evaluate the immediate effects of Kinesio-Taping on physical performance, static balance, and dynamic balance in intermediate football players with Functional Ankle Instability.
Methodology:
A single-group pretest–post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted among intermediate football players diagnosed with Functional Ankle Instability. Participants underwent assessment under two conditions: pre-taping and post-taping. Physical performance was assessed using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1). Static balance was evaluated using the Standing Stork Test, while dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Outcome measures were recorded before and immediately after YYIRTL1 under both untaped and taped conditions. Statistical analysis was performed to compare balance and performance variables between sessions and to determine the association between YYIRTL1 performance and balance parameters.
Results:
Kinesio-Taping demonstrated immediate improvements in static and dynamic balance performance following fatigue induced by YYIRTL1. Participants showed better postural stability and improved SEBT reach performance in the taped condition compared to the untaped condition. The findings also suggested an association between YYIRTL1 performance and balance outcomes in football players with FAI, indicating that sport-specific fatigue may influence postural control mechanisms.
Conclusion:
Kinesio-Taping may provide immediate beneficial effects on balance and functional performance in football players with Functional Ankle Instability under fatigue conditions. The application of KT could be considered as an adjunct strategy in sports rehabilitation, injury prevention, and return-to-play protocols for athletes with ankle instability.
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The journal is committed to protecting the privacy of authors, reviewers, and readers. The names, email addresses, and other personal information provided to this journal will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of the journal, such as editorial communication and publication processes. This information will not be made available for any other purpose or shared with third parties, except as required by law.
How to Cite
References
Freeman MAR, Dean MRE, Hanham IWF. the Etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965 Nov;1;47-B(4):678-685.
Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2002 Oct;37(4):364.
Hertel J, Corbett RO. An Updated Model of Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training. 2019 Jun 1;54(6):572–88.
Giza E, Fuller C, Junge A, Dvorak J. Mechanisms of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Soccer. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Jul;31(4):550–4.
Behan FP, Willis S, Pain MTG, Folland JP. Effects of football simulated fatigue on neuromuscular function and whole‐body response to disturbances in balance. Scandinavian Med Sci Sports. 2018 Dec;28(12):2547–57.
Richie DH. Functional instability of the ankle and the role of neuromuscular control: A comprehensive review. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2001 Jul;40(4):240–51.
Palmieri-Smith RM, Ty Hopkins J, Brown TN. Peroneal Activation Deficits in Persons with Functional Ankle Instability. Am J Sports Med. 2009 May;37(5):982–8.
Lentell G, Baas B, Lopez D, McGuire L, Sarrels M, Snyder P. The Contributions of Proprioceptive Deficits, Muscle Function, and Anatomic Laxity to Functional Instability of the Ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Apr;21(4):206–15.
Ergen E, Ulkar B. Proprioception and Ankle Injuries in Soccer. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2008 Jan;27(1):195–217.
Butler RJ, Lehr ME, Fink ML, Kiesel KB, Plisky PJ. Dynamic Balance Performance and Noncontact Lower Extremity Injury in College Football Players: An Initial Study. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2013 Sep;5(5):417–22.
McCriskin BJ. Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations. WJO. 2015;6(2):161.
Singh A, Sharma R. Football’s Admiration in India and around the World. 2022;10(1).
Nielsen AB, Yde J. Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in soccer. Am J Sports Med. 1989 Nov;17(6):803–7.
Dvorak J, Junge A. Football Injuries and Physical Symptoms. Am J Sports Med. 2000 Sep;28(5_suppl):3–9.
Walls RJ. Football injuries of the ankle: A review of injury mechanisms, diagnosis and management. WJO. 2016;7(1):8.
Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Injuries among male and female elite football players. Scandinavian Med Sci Sports. 2009 Dec;19(6):819–27.
Arnold BL, De La Motte S, Linens S, Ross SE. Ankle Instability Is Associated with Balance Impairments: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2009 May;41(5):1048–62.
Mollà-Casanova S, Inglés M, Serra-Añó P. Effects of balance training on functionality, ankle instability, and dynamic balance outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Dec;35(12):1694–709.
Hadadi M, Haghighat F, Mohammadpour N, Sobhani S. Effects of Kinesiotape vs Soft and Semirigid Ankle Orthoses on Balance in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foot Ankle Int. 2020 Jul;41(7):793–802.
Kunugi S, Masunari A, Koumura T, Fujimoto A, Yoshida N, Miyakawa S. Altered lower limb kinematics and muscle activities in soccer players with chronic ankle instability. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018 Nov;34:28–35.
Takeuchi S. Does chronic ankle instability affect side-cutting in female soccer players? International Journal of Sports Medicine. :217–23.
Kaltenborn JM, Kahanov L. Kinesio Taping®, Part 1: An Overview of Its Use in Athletes. Athletic Therapy Today. 2007 May;12(3):17–8.
Williams S, Whatman C, Hume PA, Sheerin K. Kinesio Taping in Treatment and Prevention of Sports Injuries: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence for its Effectiveness. Sports Medicine. 2012 Feb;42(2):153–64.
Biz C, Nicoletti P, Tomasin M, Bragazzi NL, Di Rubbo G, Ruggieri P. Is Kinesio Taping Effective for Sport Performance and Ankle Function of Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI)? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina. 2022 Apr 29;58(5):620.
Wang Y, Gu Y, Chen J, Luo W, He W, Han Z, Tian J. Kinesio taping is superior to other taping methods in ankle functional performance improvement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical rehabilitation. 2018 Nov;32(11):1472-81.
Kouvelioti V, Kellis E, Kofotolis N, Amiridis I. Reliability of Single-leg and Double-leg Balance Tests in Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Controls. Research in Sports Medicine. 2015 Apr 3;23(2):151–66.
Philp F, Telford C, Reid D, McCluskey M. Normative performance values of modified Star Excursion Balance Test and Limb Symmetry in female adolescent footballers. Transl Sports Med. 2020 Jul;3(4):328–36.
Hertel J, Miller SJ, Denegar CR. Intratester and Intertester Reliability during the Star Excursion Balance Tests. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2000 May;9(2):104–16.
Deprez D, Fransen J, Lenoir M, Philippaerts R, Vaeyens R. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 is reliable in young high-level soccer players. Biol Sport. 2014 Oct 8;32(1):65–70.
Deprez D, Coutts AJ, Lenoir M, Fransen J, Pion J, Philippaerts R, et al. Reliability and validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2014 Jun 15;32(10):903–10.
Lee BG, Lee JH. Immediate effects of ankle balance taping with kinesiology tape on the dynamic balance of young players with functional ankle instability. THC. 2015 Jun 10;23(3):333–41.
Shin YJ, Kim MK. Immediate effect of ankle balance taping on dynamic and static balance of soccer players with acute ankle sprain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(4):622–4.
Mirani M. Comparison of Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 Performance Between Basketball and Field Hockey Players: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Sci Healthcare Res. 2024 Jul 22;9(3):90–7.
Zhou T, He L, Huang F, Sharp T, Hou X. Short-term effects of kinesiology taping on static and dynamic balance in healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Jun 4;18:1397881.
Keller M, Lichtenstein E, Roth R, Faude O. Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2024 Feb;38(2):297–305.
Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: A Useful Tool for Evaluation of Physical Performance in Intermittent Sports. Sports Medicine. 2008;38(1):37–51.
Rampinini E, Sassi A, Azzalin A, Castagna C, Menaspà P, Carlomagno D, et al. Physiological determinants of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests in male soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Jan;108(2):401–9.
Paillard T. Effects of general and local fatigue on postural control: A review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2012 Jan;36(1):162–76.
Oda K, Ogaki R, Murakami K, Kurosawa T, Yamaguchi T, Takahashi Y, Miyakawa S. Effects of functional ankle instability on collegiate female football players’ performances. Journal of Sports Science. 2019;7:1-5.
Attenborough AS, Hiller CE, Smith RM, Stuelcken M, Greene A, Sinclair PJ. Chronic Ankle Instability in Sporting Populations. Sports Med. 2014 Nov;44(11):1545–56.
Dvorak J, Junge A, Chomiak J, Graf-Baumann T, Peterson L, Rosch D, et al. Risk Factor Analysis for Injuries in Football Players. Am J Sports Med. 2000 Sep;28(5_suppl):69–74.
Jeevrajani J, Vyas S. Association between ankle function and balance in Gujarat state football players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health. 2023 Jul 1;10(4):13–6.
Panta K. A study to associate the Flamingo Test and the Stork Test in measuring static balance on healthy adults. The Foot and Ankle Online Journal. 2015;8(4)
Mohr M, Krustrup P. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test performances within an entire football league during a full season. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2014 Feb 25;32(4):315–27.
Hutagalung AP, Akhmad I, M. Irfan. Development of Test and Measurement Tools Standing Stork Test Android Based. J Ilm Pendidik Jasm. 2023 Jun 20;7(2):293–304.
Hungerford BA, Gilleard W, Moran M, Emmerson C. Evaluation of the Ability of Physical Therapists to Palpate Intrapelvic Motion With the Stork Test on the Support Side. Physical Therapy. 2007 Jul 1;87(7):879–87.
Li R, Qin R, Tan Y, Liu H, Wang K, Cheng L. Effect of kinesio taping intervention on the muscle strength and balance of college basketball players with functional ankle instability. Front Physiol. 2023 Mar 29;14:1064625.
Dehghan F, Fouladi R, Marti J. Kinesio taping in sports: A scoping review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2023 May 19;
Choi HS, Lee JH. Immediate Effect of Balance Taping Using Kinesiology Tape on Dynamic and Static Balance after Ankle Muscle Fatigue. Healthcare. 2020 Jun 9;8(2):162.
Lau KKL, Cheng KCC. Effectiveness of taping on functional performance in elite athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Biomechanics. 2019 Jun;90:16–23.
Gulsen m. Effects of kinesio taping on postural stability in young soccer players. Acta medica mediterranea. 2019 jan 22;(1):169–74.
Bailey D, Firth P. Does kinesiology taping of the ankles affect proprioceptive control in professional football (soccer) players? Physical Therapy in Sport. 2017 May;25:94–8.
Duruturk N, Pekyavas NO, Yρlmaz A, Karatas M. The Effects of Quadriceps Kinesio Taping on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Study. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2016 Mar;21(2):32–8.
Wheeler TJ, Basnett CR, Hanish MJ, Miriovsky DJ, Danielson EL, Barr JB, et al. Fibular taping does not influence ankle dorsiflexion range of motion or balance measures in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2013 Nov;16(6):488–92.
Bicici S, Karatas N, Baltaci G. Effect of athletic taping and kinesiotaping® on measurements of functional performance in basketball players with chronic inversion ankle sprains. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2012 Apr;7(2):154.
Patil R, Jadhav A. Prevalence of Ankle Instability in Football Players in Kolhapur City. JEOH. 2025 Feb 27;171–7.
Simon J, Donahue M, Docherty C. Development of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI). Foot Ankle Int. 2012 Sep;33(9):755–63.
P. D’Hooghe, F. Cruz K., Alkhelaifi. Return to Play After a Lateral Ligament Ankle Sprain. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2020 May;13:281-8.
Mikołajewska E. Side effects of kinesiotaping–own observations. J Health Sci. 2011;1(4):93-.
Dunsky A, Zeev A, Netz Y. Balance Performance Is Task Specific in Older Adults. BioMed Research International. 2017;2017:1–7.
Winter D. Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait & Posture. 1995 Dec;3(4):193–214.
Picot B, Terrier R, Forestier N, Fourchet F, McKeon PO. The Star Excursion Balance Test: An Update Review and Practical Guidelines. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2021 Nov 1;26(6):285–93.
Ribeiro RP, Guerrero FG, Camargo EN, Beraldo LM, Candotti CT. Validity and Reliability of Palpatory Clinical Tests of Sacroiliac Joint Mobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2021 May;44(4):307–18.
Stuber KJ. Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint: a systematic review of the literature. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 2007 Mar;51(1):30.
Gribble PA, Hertel J, Plisky P. Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to Assess Dynamic Postural-Control Deficits and Outcomes in Lower Extremity Injury: A Literature and Systematic Review. Journal of Athletic Training. 2012 May 1;47(3):339–57.
Veugelers KR, Naughton GA, Duncan CS, Burgess DJ, Graham SR. Validity and Reliability of a Submaximal Intermittent Running Test in Elite Australian Football Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2016 Dec;30(12):3347–53.
Grgic J, Oppici L, Mikulic P, Bangsbo J, Krustrup P, Pedisic Z. Test–Retest Reliability of the Yo-Yo Test: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2019 Oct;49(10):1547–57.
Dugdale JH, Arthur CA, Sanders D, Hunter AM. Reliability and validity of field‐based fitness tests in youth soccer players. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019 Jul;19(6):745–56.
Nunes GS, Feldkircher JM, Tessarin BM, Bender PU, Da Luz CM, De Noronha M. Kinesio taping does not improve ankle functional or performance in people with or without ankle injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Feb;35(2):182–99.
Annino G, Alashram A, Romagnoli C, Balducci E, De Paolis M, Manzi V, et al. Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping on Functional Performance in Healthy Soccer Players: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial. JFMK. 2022 Dec 20;8(1):2.
Ahmed R. Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Chronic Ankle Instability: An Update. Int J Health Sci Res. 2025 Jan 23;15(1):228–39.
Kowalczyk M, Truszczyńska-Baszak A. The impact of fatigue on static balance in people with chronic ankle instability. Acta Bioeng Biomech [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 13];25(1).
Liu Y, Song Q, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Tian X, et al. Effects of fatigue on balance and ankle proprioception during drop landing among individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. Journal of Biomechanics. 2023 Jan;146:111431.
Oliveira GF, Stocco MR, Macedo CD, Machado FV, Oliveira MR, Andraus RA. Different kinesio taping tensions present similar benefits for postural control, dynamic balance, agility and instability sensation in individuals with chronic ankle instability: randomized clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano. 2023 Nov 27;25:e94813.
Sayyadi P, Minoonejad H, Seidi F, Shikhhoseini R, Arghadeh R. The effectiveness of fatigue on repositioning sense of lower extremities: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Feb 5;16(1):35.
Seo HD, Kim MY, Choi JE, Lim GH, Jung SI, Park SH, et al. Effects of Kinesio taping on joint position sense of the ankle. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(4):1158–60.
Burfeind SM, Chimera N. Randomized Control Trial Investigating the Effects of Kinesiology Tape on Shoulder Proprioception. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2015 Nov;24(4):405–12.
Li Y, Xia Y, Zhang D, Fu S, Liu M, Pan X, et al. Immediate effect of kinesiology taping on muscle strength, static balance and proprioception after eccentric muscle fatigue on ankle: a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024 Mar 28;25(1):244.
Hung MH, Chen HY, Chang YC, Chiu CW, Chang HY. Effects of the direction of Kinesio taping on sensation and postural control before and after muscle fatigue in healthy athletes. Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 23;13(1):1282.
Halseth T, McChesney JW, DeBeliso M, Vaughn R, Lien J. The effects of kinesio™ taping on proprioception at the ankle. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2004 Mar 1;3(1):1.
Hu Z, Zhang Y, Dong T, Dong M, Kim S, Kim Y. Gender Differences in Neuromuscular Control during the Preparation Phase of Single-Leg Landing Task in Badminton. JCM. 2023 May 5;12(9):3296.