Physical Therapy Regimen for Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory disease that affects the entire body. Although the exact cause is not fully understood, immune cells carrying the HLA-B27 marke rare believed to play a role. The first line of treatment involves non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which effectively alleviate symptoms. Recently, biological agents like Infliximab have been used to target the underlying inflammation. This caseinvolvesa19-year-oldmalewithAS and classical skeletal deformities. The HLA-B27 antigen is a key genetic factor, contributing to 20-50% of the overall genetic risk for AS.

The patient initially experienced right hip pain and difficulty walking. Despite trying home remedies, relief was not achieved. Lab tests revealed HLA-B27 positivity and mild anemia. Traditional treatment did not bring relief, prompting the patient to seek Ayurvedic and physiotherapy treatments at DYPH Pune. Various assessments, including Faber's test and pelvic compression test, showed positive results, indicating the severity of the condition.

The key objectives in the management of AS include relieving pain, minimizing stiffness, and preventing spinal deformities and disability. Treatment focuses on preserving joint mobility, especially in the spine, hip, thorax, and shoulders. Essential components include correcting posture, improving chest expansion and vital capacity, and enhancing physical endurance. Patient education plays a vital role in ensuring compliance and active engagement in the therapeutic program. Exercise programs, whether individualized or conducted in group settings are fundamental to comprehensive therapy.